Understanding Hypothyroidism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, is a common endocrine condition which affects up to 5-10% of the population. The thyroid is a small gland located at the base of the neck which plays a major role in regulating metabolism, heart function, digestion, muscle and bone health, mood, and energy levels. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid does not produce enough thyroid hormones which therefore causes these processes to slow down and can result in various negative health outcomes.

Causes of Hypothyroidism

On a global scale, iodine deficiency is the most common cause for hypothyroidism, however; in areas with sufficient iodine intake, such as North America, the most common cause is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune condition. Other potential causes for hypothyroidism can include having had a thyroid surgery in the past to treat hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), certain medication use, or pituitary or hypothalamic disorders.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:

- Low energy

- Unexplainable weight gain/difficulty losing weight

- Cold intolerance

- Dry skin

- Hair loss

- Eyebrow thinning

- Constipation

- Puffy face

- Slow heart rate

- Depression/low mood

- Brain fog

- Heavy menstrual bleeding

- Irregular menstrual cycles

- Low ovarian reserve

- Difficulty conceiving

Diagnosis

It is important to discuss your symptoms with your health care provider to allow for a thorough assessment through both clinical investigation and lab work. Blood work is typically recommended to assess TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) as well as the peripheral thyroid hormones (free T3 and free T4). As Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is the most common cause for hypothyroidism in North America, testing for thyroid antibodies is often recommended, as well to provide a more thorough assessment.

Treatment Options

Addressing hypothyroidism may extend beyond only taking thyroid hormone replacement medications. In working with a Naturopathic Doctor, other additional contributing factors such as assessing nutrient status, such as iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D, for example, as these nutrients can be supportive to nourish the thyroid gland. In addition to that, addressing nutrition, exercise, stress, and overall lifestyle habits can be a beneficial part of treatment to help with the other symptoms of hypothyroidism that may be preventing you from feeling in optimal health.

To learn more about how Naturopathic Medicine can support you in your journey with hypothyroidism, or if you are suspecting that you may have hypothyroidism, please book with one of our Naturopathic Doctors to get started on the path to wellbeing.